Similarly, b k ( 1 ) and b k ( 2 ) denote the unloading stiffness deterioration rates corresponding to the LFD and LBD components, respectively. The parameters b F ( 1 ) and b F ( 2 ) denote the strength deterioration rates corresponding to the LFD and the LBD, respectively. The coefficients Q F and Q k were used to adjust the proportion of the LFD and LBD, respectively. D denotes a damage index and will be discussed subsequently. F D and K D denote the deteriorated lateral strength and stiffness under a current loading amplitude, respectively, and F m and K m denote the lateral strength and stiffness of beam–columns under monotonic loading, respectively. Where the first item on the right side of the equations defines the LFD component, and the second denotes the LBD component.
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